第2章

在动态史研究所的赞助下，《动态史》季刊在慕尼黑出版了一期特刊，详细开列了有关第三帝国的参考书目。伦敦威纳图书馆的目录中也包括一些极为出色的参考书目。

PUBLISHEDDOCUMENTARYMATERIALDerHitlerProzess.Munich：DeutscherVolksverlag,1924.(TherecordofthecourtproceedingsofHitler'strialinMunich.)DocumentsandMaterialsrelatingtotheEveoftheSecondWorldWar,1937392vols.Moscow:ForeignLanguagePublishingHouse,1948.DocumentsconcerningGermanpolishRelationsandtheOutfoeakofHostzlitiesbetweenGreatBritainandGermany.I-ondon:HisMajesty'sStationeryOffice,1939.(TheBritishBlueBook.)DocumentsonBritishForeignPolicy，19l9—39London:H.M.StationeryOffice,1947—.(ReferredtointhenotesasDBrFP.)DocumentsonGermanForeignPolicy,1918—45SeriesD,1937—45.10vols.(asof1957).Washington:U.S.DepartmentofState.(ReferredtoasDGFP)DokumentederdeutschenPolitik,1933—40Berlin,1935—43.FuehrerL'onferencesonNavalAffairs(mimeographed).London:BritishAdmiralty,1947.(RelerredtoasFCNA.)HitlereMussolini—Lettereedocumenti.Milan:Rizzoli，1946.IDocumentidiplomuticaitaliani.Ottavoseries,1935—39.Rome:LibreriadellaStato,1952—53.(ReferredtoasDDI.)LeLirreiauneFrawais.Dorumentsdiplomatiqus,1938—39Parls,MinisteredesAffairesEtrangeres.(TheFrenchYellowBook.)NaziConspiracyandAggression.10vols.Washington:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,1946.(ReferredtoasNCA.)Nazi—SovietRelations，1939—41.DocumentsfromtheArchivesoftheGermanForeignOffice.Washington:U.S.DepartmentofState.1948.(ReferredioasNSR.)OfficialDocumentsconcerningPolishGermanandPolishSovietRela-tions.1933—39.London,1939.(ThePolishWhiteBook.)1'earlllurbor,Attack.HearingsbeforetheJointCommitteeontheinvestigationofthePearlHarborAttack.39vols.WashingtoniU.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice.1946.SovietDocumentsonForeignPolicy.3vols.London:RoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairs,1951—53.SpanishGovernmentandtheAxis,The.Washington:U.S.StateDepart-ment,1946.(FrorntheGermanForeignOfficepapers.)TrialoftheMajorWarCriminalsbeforetheInternationalMilitaryTri-bunal.42vols.PublishedatNuremberg.(ReferredtoasTMWC.)TrialsofWarCriminalsbeforetheNurembergMilitaryTribunals.15vols.Washington:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,1951—52.(ReferredtoasTWC.)HITLER’SSPEECHESAdolfHitlersReden.Munich,1934.BAYNES.NORMANH.,ed.：TheSpeechesofAdolfHiiler，April1922—Au-gust1939.2vols.NewYork，1942.PRANGE.GORDONW.，ed.：Hitler’sWords.Washington，1944.ROUSSYDESALES，COUNTRAOULDE，ed.：MyNewOrder.NewYork，1941.(ThespeechesofHitler，1922—41.)GENERALWORKSABSHAGEN.K.H.：Canaris.Stuttgart，1949.AMBRUSTER，HOWARDWATSON：Treason’sPeace.NewYork，1947.ANDERS.WLADYSLAW:Hitler'sDefeatinRussia.Chicago,1953.ANONYMOUS:DeWeimarauChaos—Journalpolitiqued'unGénéraldelaReichswehr.Paris,1934.ARMSTRONG,HAMILTONFISH:Hitler'sReich.NewYork,1933.ASSMANN.KURT:DeutscheSchicksalsjahre.Wiesbaden,1950.BADOGLIO,MARSHALPIETRO:ItalyintheSecondWorldWar.London,1948.BARRACLOUGH,S.:TheOriginsofModernGermany.Oxford,1946.BARTZ,KARL:AlsderHimmelbrannte.Hanover,1955.BAUMONT,FRIEDANDVERMEIL,eds.:TheThirdReich.NewYork,1955.BAYLE,FRANCOIS:Croixgamméeoucaducée.Freiburg,1950.(Adooument-edaccountoftheNazimedicalexperiments.)BELGIANMINISTRYOFFOREIGNAFFAIRS:Belgium:TheOfficialAccountofWhatHappened,1939—1940.NewYork,1941.BENES,EDUARD:MemoirsofDr.EduardBenes.FromMunichtoNewWarandNewVictory.London,1954.BENOIST-MECHIN,JACQUES:Histoiredel'Arméeallemandedepuisl'Armislice.Paris,1936—38.BERNADOTTE.FOLKE:TheCurtainFalls.NewYork,1945.BEST.CAPTINS.PAYNE:TheVenloIncident.London,1950.Bewegung.StaatundVolkinihrenOrganisationen.Berlin,1934.BLUMENTRITT.GUENTHER,VonRundstedt.London,1952.BOLDT,GERHARD:IntheShelterwithHitler.London,1948.BONNET.GEORGES:Find'uneEurope.Geneva,1948.BOOTHBY.ROBERT:IFighttoLive.London,1947.BORMANN.MARTIN:TheBormannLetters:thePrivateCorrespondencebe-tweenMartinBormannandhisWife,fromJan.1943toApril1945Lon-don,1954.BRADLEY.GENERAL.OMARN.:ASoldier'sStory.NewYork,1951.BRADY.ROBERTK.:TheSpiritandStructureofGermanFascism.London,1937.BRYANS,J.LONSDALE:BlindVictory.London,1951.BRYANS,SIRARTHUR:TheTurnoftheTide—AHistoryoftheWarYearsBasedontheDiariesofFieldMarshalLordAlanbrooke,ChiefoftheIm-perialGeneralStaff.NewYork,1957.BULLOCK.ALAN:,Hitler—AStudyinTyranny.NewYork,1952.BUTCHER.HARRYC.:MyThreeYearswithEisenhower.NewYork,1946.CARR.EDWARDHALLETT:German-SovietRelationsbetweentheTwoWorldWars,1919—1939Baltimore,1951.——,TheSovietImpactontheWesternWorld.NewYork,1947.CHURCHILL,SIRWINSTONS.:TheSecondWorldWar.6vols.NewYork,1948—1953.CIANO,COUNTGALEAZZO:Ciano'sDiplomaticPapers,editedbyMalcolmMuggeridge.London,1948.——，Ciano'sHiddenDiary,1937—1938.NewYork,1953.——,TheCianoDiaries,1939—1943,editedbyHughWilson.NewYork.1946.CLAUSEWITZ,KARLVON:OnWar.NewYork,1943.COOLE,W.W.,ANDPOTTER,M.F.:ThusSpeaksGermany.NewYork,1941.CRAIG.GORDONA.:ThePoliticsofthePrussianArmy,1940—1945NewYork,1955.CROCE,BENEDETTO：GermanyandEurope.NewYork,1944.CzechoslovakiaFightsBack.Washington:AmericanCouncilonPublicAf-fairs,1943.DAHLERUS,BIRGER:TheLastAttempt.London,1947.DALLIN,ALEXANDER:GermanRuleinRussia,1941—1944.NewYork.1957.DALUCES,JEAN:LeTroisiémeReich.Paris,1950.DAVIES,JOSEPHE.:MissiontoMoscow.NewYork,1941.DERRY,T.K.:TheCampaigninNorway.London,1952.DEUEL,WALLACE:PeopleunderHitler.NewYork,1943.DEWFY.JOHN:GermanPhilosophyandPolitics.NewYork,1952.DIELS,RUDOLF:LuciferantePortas.Stuttgart,1950.DIETRICH.OTTO:MitHitlerindieMacht.Munich,1934.DOLLMANN,EUGEN:RomaNazista.Milan,1951.DRAPER,THEODORE:TheSixWeek'sWar.NewYork,1944.DUBOIS,JOSIAHE.,JR.:TheDevil'sChemists.Boston,1952.DULLES,ALLEN:Germany'sUnderground.NewYork,1947.EBENSTEIN,WILLIAM:TheNaziState.NewYork,1943.EISENHOWER.DWIGHTD.:CrusadeinEurope.NewYork,1948.ELLIS.MAJORL.F.:TheWarinFranceandFlanders,1939—1950.Lon-don,1953.EYCK,E.:BismarckandtheGermanEmpire.London,1950.FEILING,KEITH.TheLifeofNevilleChamberlain.London,1946.FEUCHTER,GEORGW.:GeschichtedesLuftkriegs.Bonn,1954.FISHER,H.A.L.:AHistoryofEurope.London,1936FISHMAN.JACK,TheSevenMenofSpandau.NewYork,1954.FITZGIBBON,CONSTANTINE:20July.NewYork.1956.FLEMING.PETER:OperationSeaLion.NewYork,1957.FLENLEY,RALPH:ModernGermanHistory.NewYork,1953.FOERSTER.WOLFGANG:EinGeneralkaempftgegendenKrieg.Munich,1949.(ThepapersofGeneralBeck.)FRANCOIS-PONCET,ANDRE:TheFatefulYears.NewYork,1949.FREIDIN,SEYMOUR,ANDRICHARDSON.WILLIAM,eds.:TheFatalDecisions.NewYork,1956.FRIEDMAN,FILIP:ThisWasOswiecim[Auschwitz].London,1946.FRISCHAUER.WILLY:TheRiseandFallofHermannGoering.Boston,1951.FULLER.MAJOR-GENERALJ.F.C.:TheSecondWorldWar.NewYork,1949.GALLAND.ADOLF:TheFirstandtheLast.TheRiseandFalloftheLuft-waffeFighterForces,1938—45NewYork,1954.GAMELIN.GENERAL.MAURICEGUSTAVE:Serrir.3vols.Paris,1949.GAY,JEAN,CarnetsSecrelsdeieanGay.Paris,1940.Germany:ASelf-portrait.HarlandR.Crippen,ed.NewYork,1944.GILBERT.FELIX:HitlerDirecisHisWar.NewYork,1950.(ThepartialtextofHitler'sdailymilitaryconferences.)GILBERT,G.M.:NurembergDiary.NewYork,1947.GISEVIUS.BERND:TotheBitterEnd.Boston,1947.GlaubenskriseimDrittenReich.Stuttgart,1953.GOEBBELS.JOSEPH:VomKaiserhofzurReichskanzlei.Murtich,1936.——,TheGoebbelsDiaries,1942—1943,editedbyLouisP.Lochner.NewYork,1948.GOERLITZ.WALTER:HistoryoftheGermanGe,eralStaff,1657—1945.NewYork.1953.——，DerzweiteWeltkrieg,1939—45.2vols.Stutigart.1951.GOUDIMA.CONSTANTIN:L'ArméeRougedanslaPaixetlaGuerre.Paris,1947.GREINER.HELMUTH:DieObercteWehrmachtfuehrung,1939—1945Wies-baden.1951.GREINER,JOSEF:DasEndedesHitler-Mythos.Vienna,1947.GUDERIAN,GENERAL.HEINZ:PanzerLeader.NewYork,1952.GUILLAUME,GENERAL.A.:LaGuerreGermano-Soviétique.1941.Paris,1949.HABATSCH,WALTHER:DiedeutscheBesetzungvonDaenemarkundNorwe-gen.1940,2nded.Goettingen,1952.HALDER,FRANZ,HitleralsFeldherr.Munich,1949.HALIFAX,LORD:FullnessofDays.NewYork.1957.HALLGARTEN.GEORGEW.F.:Hitler,ReichswehrundIndustrie.Frankfurt,1955.HANFSTAENGL,ERNST,UnheardWitness.NewYork,1957.HARRIS.WHITNEYR.:TyrannyonTrial—TheEvidenseatNuremberg.Dalas.1954.(AselectionoftheGermandocumentsatNurembergfromtheTMWCandNCAvolumes.)HASSELL.ULRICHVON:TheVonHassellHiaries,19381944.NewYork,l947.HEGEL:LecturesonthePhilosophyofHistory.London,1902.HEIDEN.KONRAD:AHisioryofNationalSocialism.NewYork,1935.——,Hitler—ABiography.NewYork,1936.——,DerFuehrer.Boston.1944.HENDERSON.NEVILE,TheFailureofaMission.NewYork,1940.HERMAN,STEWARTW.,JR.:It'sYourSoulsWeWant.NewYork,1943.HEUSINGER,GENERALADOLF:BefchlimWiderstreit-SchicksalsstundenderdeutschenArmee,1923—1925Stuttgart,1950.HINDENRURG,FIELDMARSHAL.PAULVONBENECKENDORFUNDVON:AusmeinemLebenLeipzig,1934.HITLER.ADOLF:MeinKampfBoston,1943.Thisistheunexpurgatededi-tioninEnglishtranslationpublishedbyHoughtonMiffiin.(TheGernianoriginal:Munich.1925,1927.Thefirstvolume,EineAlbrechnung.waspublishedin1925;thesecond,DieNationalsozialistissheBewegung,in1927.Thereafterthetwowerepublishedinonevolume.)Hitler'sSecretConversations,1941—44.NewYork,1953.LesLettresSécrètesEchangéesparHitleretMussolini.Paris,1946.HOETTL,WILHELM(WALTERHAGEN):TheSecretFront:TheSioryofNaziPoliticulEspionage.NewYork,1954.HOFER.WALTHER:WarPremeditated,1939London,1955.(Englishtransla-tionfromDieEntfesselungdeszweitenWeltkrieges.)HOSSBACH.GENERALFRIEDRICH:ZwischenWehrmachtundHitler.Hanover,1949.HULL,CORDELL:TheMemoirsofCordellHull.2vols.NewYork,1948.JACOBSEN.HANS-ADOLF:DokumentezurVorgeschichtedesWestfeldzuges,1939—40Goettingen,1956.JARMAN.T.L.:TheRiseandFallofNaziGerrnany.London,1955.JASPER.KARL:TheQuestionofGermanGuilt.NewYork,1947.Kelley,DOuglasM.:22CellsinNuremberg.NewYork.1947.KESSELRING.ALBERT:ASoldier'sRecord.NewYork,1954.KIELMANNSEGG.GRAF:DerFritschProzess.Hamburg,1949.KLEE.CAPTAINKARL:DasUnternehmenSeeloewe.Goettingen,1949.KLEIN.BURTON:Germany'sEconomicPreparationsforWar.Cambridge,1959.KLEIST.PETER:ZwischenHiilerundStalin.Bonn,1950.KNELLER.GEORGEFREDERICK:TheEducationalPhilosophyofNationalSo-cfalism.NewHaven,1941.KOGON.EUGEN:TheTheoryandPracticeofHeU.NewYork,1951.(TheGermanoriginal:DerSSStaalunddasSystemderdeutschenKonzentra-tionslager.Munich,1946.)KOHN.HANs.ed.:GermanHistory:SomeNewGermanViews.Boston,1954.KOLLER.GENERALKARL:DerletzteMonat.Mannheim.1949.(ThediaryofthelastChiefoftheLuftwaffeGeneralStaff.)KORDT.ERICH:NichlausdenAkten.(DieWilhelmstrasseinFriedenundKrieg,1928—1945.)Stuttgart,1950.——,WahnundWirklichkeit.Stuttgart,1947.KREIS.ERNST.ANDSPEIER.HANS:GermanRadioPropaganda.NewYork,1946.KROSIGK.COUNTLUTZSCHWERINVON:EsgeschahinDeutschland.Tuebin-gen,1951.KUBIZEK,AUGUST:TheYoungHitlerIKnew.Boston,1955.LANGER.WILLIANL.:OurVichyGamble.NewYork,1947.LANGERANDGLEASON:TheUndeclaredWar,1940—1941.NewYork,1953.LAVAL,PIERRE:TheDiaryofPierreLAval.NewYork,1948.LENARD,PHILIPP,DeutschePhysik,2nded.Munich-Berlin,1938.LICHTENBERGER,HENRI:L'AllemagneNouvelle.Paris,1936.LIDDELLHART,B.H.:TheGermanGeneralsTalk.NewYork,1948.——(ed.):TheRommelPapers.NewYork,1953.LILGE,FREDERIC:TheAbuseofLearning:TheFailureoftheGermanUni-versity.NewYork,1948.LITVINOV,MAXIM:NotesforaJouraal.NewYork,1955.LORIMER,E.O.:WhatHitlerWants.London,1939.LOSSBERG,GENERALBERNHARDVON:ImWehrmachtFuehrungsstab.Ham-burg,1950.LUDECKE,KURT:IKnewHitler.London,1938.LUDENDORFF.GENERAL.ERIC:AufdemWegzurFeldherrnhalle.Munich,l937.LUDENDORFF,MARGARITTE:AlsichLudendorffsFrauwar.Munich,1929.LUEDDENEURATH,WALTER:DieletztenTagedesDrittenReiches.Goettin-gen,1951.MANSTEIN,FIELDMARSHALERICVON:VerloreneSiege.Bonn,1955.(Englishtranslation:LostVictories.Chicago,1958.)MARTIENSEN,ANTHONYK.:HitlerandHisAdmirals.NewYork,1949.MEINECKEE,FRIEDRICH,TheGermanCatastrophe.Cambridge,1950.MEISSNER,OTTO,StaatssekretaerunterEbertHindenburg-Hitler.Ham-burg,1950.MELZER,WALTHER,AlbertKanalundEben-Emael.Heidelberg,1957.MITSCHERLICH，ALEXANDER,M.D.,andMIELKE,FRED:DoctorsofInfamy.NewYork,1949.MONZIE.ANATOLEDE:Ci-Devant.Paris,1942.MORISON,SAMUELELIOT:HistoryoftheUnitedStatesNavalOperationsinWorldWarI.Vol.I,TheBattleoftheAtlantic,September1939—May1943.Boston,1948.MOURIN.MAXIME:LesComploiscontreHiiler.Paris,1948.MUSMANNO，MICHAEL.A.：TenDaysDieNeWYofk，1950.MUSSOLINI.BENITO：Memoirs1942——1943.London，1949.NAMIER，SIRLEWISB.：IntheNaziEra.London，1952.——，DiplomaticPrelude,1938—1939.London，1948；NATHAN，OTTO:TheNaziEconomicSystem：Germany'sMobilizationforwar.Durham，N.C.,1944，NEUMANN.FRANZL.：Behemoth.NewYork,1942.O'BRIEN，T.H.:CivilDefence.London，1955.（AvolumeintheofficiaIBritishhistoryoftheSecondWorldwar，editedbyJ.R.M.Butler.）OLDEN,RUDOLF:Hitler，thePawn.London，1936.OuTZE，BφRGE,ed.:DenMarkduringtheOccupatio.Copenhagen,1946.OVEN，WILFREDVON:MitGoebbelsbiszumEnde.BuenosAires,1949.OVERSTRAETEN,GENERAL.VAN:AlbertI—LeopoldIII.Brussels，1946PAPEN，FRANZVON，Memoirs.NewYofk，1953。

这样一场战争不会历时很久，也不会再有后继的战争。这种战争的结果不会有征服者也不会有征服，而只有烧成焦炭的尸骨堆在一个渺无人迹的星球上。

参考资料

本书的主要依据是缴获的德国文件、德国军官和文官的审讯记录和证词、幸存下来的日记和回忆录以及我在第三帝国的亲身经历。

数百万字的德国档案材料已经以多个系列分卷出版，另有数百万字已被收集或制成微缩胶片，收藏于各图书馆（在美国，主要收藏于国会图书馆和斯但福大学的胡佛图书馆）和华盛顿的国家档案馆。此外，华盛顿的陆军部军史局也保存着大量的德国军事记录。

在已出版的大量档案中，对于我的创作最有用的有三种。首先是《德国外交政策文件汇编》Ｄ部，它包括大量已被译为英文的德国外交部1937年至1940年夏的文件。承蒙国务院的好意，我获准接触德国外交部的其他一些文件，这些文件主要与德国对美国宣战有关，尚未翻译和出版。

已出版的关于纽伦堡审判的两个文件集对于了解第三帝国内幕具有无可估量的价值。第一种是42卷本的《主要战犯的审讯》，其中前23卷为审讯证词，其余是作为证据的文件，后者是以原文出版的，多数为德文。为这次审判而加以收集并被仓促译为英文的其他文件、审讯记录和宣誓词以《纳粹的阴谋与侵略》为题分10卷出版。不幸的是，在国际军事法庭的委员们面前所作的最有价值的证词大多没有编入该书，这些证词仅能在几家大图书馆看到油印件。

美国军事法庭其后在纽伦堡又进行了12轮的审判，审判的证词和文件出版了厚厚的15卷材料，标题为《纽伦堡军事法庭对战争罪犯的审判》，这还不到原材料的1/10，但其余的材料可以在一些图书馆看到油印件或影印件。

伦敦的皇家文书局于1947—1949年出版了《审判战争罪犯的法律报告》，对其他审判做了概述，该书对了解第三帝国很有帮助。

胡佛图书馆藏有极为丰富的未出版的德国文件，国会图书馆和国家档案馆这类文件也有相当数量。另外，国家档案馆还藏有希姆莱的档案和希特勒的一些私人文件——最有价值的发现之一便是所谓的“亚历山大文件”，其中很大一部分已被制成微缩胶片收藏。其他一些缴获文件的有关情况，可参见本书注释。顺便说一句，未出版的德国材料中有哈尔德将军的日记，共为7卷打印稿，并附有这位将军在战后为澄清事件所做的注解，我发现这是有关第三帝国的最有价值的记录之一。

现将对我有所助益的著作开列如下。这些著作共有三种类型：第一，本书所叙及的一些领导人物的回忆录和日记；第二，基于新的文件材料的著作，例如，英国的约翰·Ｗ·威勒一贝内特、阿伦·布洛克、Ｈ·Ｒ·特雷弗·罗珀和杰拉尔德·里特林格的著作，美国的特尔福德·泰勒，德国的埃伯哈德·泽勒、格哈特·里特、鲁道夫·皮切尔和沃尔特·戈尔利茨；第三，提供背景情况的著作。